Indicator
Anti-corruption and integrity
Implemented
Not Implemented
Not Applicable
| Level | ALB | BIH | KOS | MNE | MKD | SRB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Most or all SOEs have established internal audit procedures. | ||||||
| Legislation protects “whistle-blowers” in SOEs (which report unethical or illegal conduct) from retaliation. | ||||||
| SOE employees, management and board members receive regular training on anti-corruption and integrity measures. | ||||||
| The ownership entity explicitly encourages most or all SOEs to develop and implement internal integrity measures (internal controls, codes of ethics and compliance measures) that specifically address corruption-related risks. *Some SOEs are encouraged to develop and implement internal integrity measures, or the measures required of all SOEs are limited in scope | ||||||
| Legislation establishes the individual liability of board members and managers of SOEs in case of involvement in corrupt practices. | ||||||
| A formal board nomination framework is in place. *Not yet in place but under development | ||||||
| Politicians are barred from serving on SOE boards of directors. | ||||||
| SOEs undertake corruption risk assessments to address corruption and bribery risks specifically in SOEs. *SOEs undertake ad-hoc measures to address corruption and bribery risks specifically in SOEs | ||||||
| Legislation explicitly prohibits the use of SOEs as vehicles for political party funding. | ||||||
| SOE boards have the legal and de facto right to appoint and dismiss the CEOs. | ||||||
| SOE ownership arrangements are fully centralised and SOE boards have sufficient legal and de facto independence to shield SOEs from political interference. | ||||||
| An SOE ownership policy which explicitly defines the rationales for state ownership has been adopted. | ||||||
| Most or all SOEs have developed internal codes of ethics that address e.g., issues related to procurement, conflicts of interest, charitable donations and board/top management nepotism. |
Note that for Bosnia and Herzegovina, “State” stands for the state level, while “FBiH” stands for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and “RS” stands for Republika Srpska - the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Note that the presented scoring criteria system is not a full representation of the scoring methodology used to determine the score for an indicator. For more information, see the Methodology section.